Skolnik, M. L. (2005). Reflections of the difficulty of balancing the university’s economic and non-economic objectives in periods when its economic role is highly valued. In G. Jones, P. McCarney & M. Skolnik (Eds.), Creating knowledge, strengthening nations: The changing role of higher education (pp. 106-126). University of Toronto Press.
- nation's economic well-being depends on the state of HE, in the knowledge economy.
- community college; transfer -> employment training, 1960s, = serve economic goal
- 1970, low employment rate -> HE critical, low investment return
- Government use HE 2 ways;
- assist nation's business enterprises successful
- HE itself as industry; response to customer demand, global competition, privatization
- privatization = more private funding ?
- more depend on tuition -> more responsive to the preferences of students; (<- difficult to find the evidence)
- develop a meaningful philosophy; 1960s = 80%(1st), 1990s = 40%(6th)
- being well off financially; 1960s = 45%(5-6th), 1990s = 75%(1st)
- --
- new private institution = vocational orientation -> public institution allow on liberal arts, <-> public institution = vocational orientation <- market competition
- institution est. in 2002; objectives = contribute to knowledge economy
- 1960s = binary structure; (1) univ. sector, non-economic objectives, (2) non university post secondary sector, employment objectives -> static and simple
- 1990s = middle level job -> more complex, skills similar to unit graduates
- -> community college and university -> converge
