Ramirez, F. O., & Meyer, J. W. (2013). Universalizing the university in a world society. In J.C. Shin and B.M. Kehm (Eds.), Institutionalization of World-Class University in Global Competition, The Changing Academy. Springer.
- globalization; manage and monitor the universities, everywhere have frames of reference with a great deal of global commonality.
- university self improvement = efforts at more general collective national goods, ≠ private competition -> call for better organization and professional management.
- knowledge society = HE becomes central. <- scientific research
- universalization of unit = worldwide expansion & universal standard for assessing its quality
- individual, organizational and national success; rests on the human component.
- efforts at universalization; (1) measures (citations, rankings), (2) indicators of membership, (3) educational credentials/systems
- (global ranking; who set the measure?) <- path dependency
